Complicating the efforts for sustainable management of bluefin fish stocks within national exclusive economic zones ( EEZ) is bluefin migrate long distances and hunt in the midocean that is not part of any country's EEZ, so have been vulnerable to overfishing by multiple countries' fishing fleets. International agreements and conventions are good-faith agreements and are difficult to monitor or enforce. Though this fish has been farmed in captivity by the Japanese and by the Australians with the help of the Japanese, yields are lower than other farmed fish due to the slow growth rate of bluefin tuna, therefore keeping prices high. On December 30, 2012, a 222-kilogram (489 lb) bluefin tuna caught off northeastern Japan, was sold at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo for a record 155.4 million yen ($1.76 million) – a unit price of JP¥ 1.274 million/kg (US$3,600/lb). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". ![]() ^ θύννος in Liddell, Henry George Scott, Robert (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, revised and augmented throughout by Jones, Sir Henry Stuart, with the assistance of McKenzie, Roderick.National council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC "Sharing the water column: physiological mechanisms underlying species-specific habitat use in tunas". In the Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. ![]() ^ a b c Díaz-Arce, Natalia Arrizabalaga, Haritz Murua, Hilario Irigoien, Xabier Rodríguez-Ezpelata, Naiara (2016)."ROrthodox and unorthodox phylogenetic relationships among tunas revealed by the nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region". "RAD-seq derived genome-wide nuclear markers resolve the phylogeny of tunas".
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